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Biology and Biotechnology of Environmental Stress Tolerance in Plants, Volume 3

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) helps in the process of diverse

type of cellular responses like cell growth and proliferation. Different studies

have reported that MAPK has enhanced activity during both biotic and

abiotic stress condition (Nanda et al., 2016). An overall response of plants

under different stress condition presented in Figure 3.2.

FIGURE 3.2 Different responses of plant under environmental stress condition.

3.4 ENDOPHYTES COLONIZATION AND PLANT GROWTH

Symbiotic relationship is a type of mutualistic interaction between two

organisms through which both the organism benefit from each other. Plant

and endophytes interaction is a type of symbiotic relationship in which

endophytic microorganisms promotes growth and biomass yield in plant and

in return endophytes derives nutrients from the host plant for their survival.

The term ‘endophytes’ comes from two Greek words ‘endon’ and ‘phyton’

which means within and plants, respectively (Lata et al., 2018). Endophytic

organisms mutually colonize inside the plants without forming any symptoms